Feb 25, 2025 · Introduction Aqueous batteries, as a compelling energy storage choice, offer several advantages over non-aqueous counterparts, including scalable storage capacity, cost-effectiveness, and reliable
Zinc‐bromine batteries (ZBBs) offer high energy density, low‐cost, and improved safety. They can be configured in flow and flowless setups. However, their performance and service still require
Sep 1, 2024 · Abstract Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) offer great potential for large-scale energy storage owing to the inherent high energy density and low cost. However, practical
Jul 20, 2023 · Abstract Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale stationary energy storage application due to their inherent scalability and flexibility, low cost, green, and
Jul 23, 2025 · Abstract Aqueous zinc–bromine batteries (ZBBs) have attracted considerable interest as a viable solution for next-generation energy storage, due to their high theoretical
Jul 1, 2025 · Aqueous zinc-bromine batteries (AZBBs) gain considerable attention as a next-generation energy storage technology due to their high energy density, cost-effectiveness and
Aug 31, 2023 · Zinc–bromine rechargeable batteries (ZBRBs) are one of the most powerful candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their potentially lower material cost,
Oct 30, 2025 · Zinc–bromine batteries (ZBBs) are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage owing to their high energy density and inherent safety, but their practical deployment
Jul 23, 2025 · Abstract Aqueous zinc–bromine batteries (ZBBs) have attracted considerable interest as a viable solution for next-generation energy storage, due to their high theoretical energy density, material abundance,
Mar 2, 2025 · Aqueous zinc–bromine microbatteries (Zn–Br2 MBs) are promising energy storage devices for miniaturized electronic applications. However, their performance in low-temperature environments remains a
Feb 25, 2025 · Introduction Aqueous batteries, as a compelling energy storage choice, offer several advantages over non-aqueous counterparts, including scalable storage capacity, cost
Mar 2, 2025 · Aqueous zinc–bromine microbatteries (Zn–Br2 MBs) are promising energy storage devices for miniaturized electronic applications. However, their performance in low
Jul 20, 2023 · Abstract Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale stationary energy storage application due to their inherent scalability and flexibility,
Nov 1, 2024 · The next-generation high-performance batteries for large-scale energy storage should meet the requirements of low cost, high safety, long life and reasonable energy density.

Aqueous zinc-bromine batteries (AZBBs) gain considerable attention as a next-generation energy storage technology due to their high energy density, cost-effectiveness and intrinsic safety. Despite these advantages, challenges such as the polybromide ion shuttle effect, self-discharge, and zinc anode instability hinder their widespread applications.
Zinc–bromine rechargeable batteries are a promising candidate for stationary energy storage applications due to their non-flammable electrolyte, high cycle life, high energy density and low material cost. Different structures of ZBRBs have been proposed and developed over time, from static (non-flow) to flowing electrolytes.
In particular, zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) have attracted considerable interest due to the high theoretical energy density of up to 440 Wh kg−1 and use of low-cost and abundant active materials [10, 11].
In this context, aqueous rechargeable zinc-based batteries (AZBs), which employ metallic zinc as the anode, have garnered considerable attention as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications.
The initial configuration type of zinc–bromine static batteries, which was proposed by Barnartt and Forejt , consisted of two carbon electrodes immersed in a static ZnBr 2 electrolyte and separated by a porous diaphragm.
However, the ultrahigh solubility of polybromides causes significant shuttle effects, capacity deterioration, and self-discharge, rendering the study of static zinc-bromine batteries still in its infancy.
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