We demonstrate that this model achieves good estimation performance, and it is able to capture the benefits of energy saving when dealing with the complexity of multi-carrier base stations
Noticeably, in the 5G era, the maximum power consumption of a 64T64R AAU is 1000–1400 W, and that of a BBU is about 2000 W. Multiple bands in one site will be the typical configuration
The base station''s average energy consumption during a certain time period has been estimated. A range of optimization approaches, namely PSO, ABC, and GA, have been
This chapter qualitatively analyzes how the generalized antenna efficiency affects base station energy efficiency and how it is related to antenna performance indicators, for the purpose of
By integrating digital and power electronics technologies, intelligent peak staggering enables optimal energy scheduling for base stations, optimizes power utilization, and reduces
BSs are one of the most power consuming elements of a 5G network. It is important to model their energy consumption for analyzing overall energy efficiency of a network.
A sleep strategy with several sleep mode (SM) levels for energy-efficient 5G base stations (BS) is proposed to reduce energy consumption. Energy consumption and
We present a novel power model which captures the impact of three BS parameters, namely: the bandwidth, the active array size, and the spatial multiplexing factor on the instantaneous PC of

The base station’s average energy consumption during a certain time period has been estimated. A range of optimization approaches, namely PSO, ABC, and GA, have been employed to obtain the best possible (optimal) cost for the system.
In recent years, many models for base station power con-sumption have been proposed in the literature. The work in proposed a widely used power consumption model, which explicitly shows the linear relationship between the power transmitted by the BS and its consumed power.
From the perspective of energy saving, antennas with high RF efficiency can be used to reduce the power consumption of the base station by reducing the transmit power of the radio unit while maintaining the same coverage quality. The following describes the details from the two perspectives.
[email protected]—The energy consumption of the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks is one of the major co cerns of the telecom industry. However, there is not currently an accurate and tractable approach to evaluate 5G base stations (BSs) power consumption. In this article, we pr
This indicates that an antenna with a higher RF efficiency will help reduce the power provided by the radio unit, enabling the base station to consume less energy. Here is an example. In scenario A, the radio unit's total transmit power is 200 W and antenna A has an RF efficiency of 70%. The power radiated from the antenna is 140 W (200 W x 70%).
For a base station with typical configurations, the transmit power can be reduced by 36%, that is, 288 W.
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