Sun, star around which Earth and the other components of the solar system revolve. It is the dominant body of the system, constituting more than 99 percent of its entire
Venus is the warmest planet in our solar system because of its distinct composition, which produces a significant greenhouse effect. Venus experiences unmatched blistering heat, with an average
• The surface of Mercury, having little atmosphere, feels the full brunt of the solar furnace. • Venus'' thick atmosphere traps and stores the solar heat, giving it the highest surface temperature of
The temperature of a planet can tell us a lot about its composition, atmosphere, and potential to support life. From the scorching heat of Venus to the icy chill of Pluto, each planet offers a unique thermal
Sun, star around which Earth and the other components of the solar system revolve. It is the dominant body of the system, constituting more than 99 percent of its entire mass. The Sun is the source of an
Explore temperature extremes across the solar system, from Mercury to Neptune, and their impact on planetary climates and habitability.
The table below explains the effects of different variables on both the surface temperature (Ts) and the atmospheric temperature (Ta) from the above equations. The fluxes from which the
The Earth already has a very slight greenhouse effect through the existence of atmospheric greenhouse gases, and thus its mean surface temperature is just slightly higher than the ideal temperature we have computed above.
Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, experiences some of the most extreme temperature fluctuations in the solar system. During the day, temperatures can soar to 430
The Earth already has a very slight greenhouse effect through the existence of atmospheric greenhouse gases, and thus its mean surface temperature is just slightly higher than the ideal
The temperature of a planet can tell us a lot about its composition, atmosphere, and potential to support life. From the scorching heat of Venus to the icy chill of Pluto, each
Consider the information provided in the graph and table below. The graph shows the temperature (expressed in Kelvin) at different distances from the Sun (expressed in Astronomical Units,
Venus is the warmest planet in our solar system because of its distinct composition, which produces a significant greenhouse effect. Venus experiences unmatched

where S is termed the solar constant for that planet. The table below lists the results from this formula for the four terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The total energy that is intercepted by the planet is the solar constant times the projected area that the planet presents to the solar radiation.
The temperature of a planet is determined by several factors, including its distance from the Sun, atmospheric composition, rotation period, axial tilt, and internal heat sources. Studying temperatures across the solar system provides insights into planetary formation, climate systems, and the potential for life beyond Earth.
The Sun’s energy radiates outward, warming the planets and influencing their temperatures based on their distance from the Sun. Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, experiences some of the most extreme temperature fluctuations in the solar system.
This graphic shows the mean temperatures of various destinations in our solar system. (Planets not to scale.) In general, the surface temperatures of planets decrease with increasing distance from the Sun. Venus is an exception because its dense atmosphere acts as a greenhouse and heats the surface to above the melting point of lead.
From the scorching heat of Mercury to the frigid cold of Neptune, the temperatures across our solar system are as diverse as the planets themselves. Understanding these temperature variations helps scientists learn more about the formation and evolution of planets, as well as the potential for life beyond Earth.
The solar system is a diverse and dynamic place with a wide range of temperatures, from the scorching heat of Venus to the cold of Neptune and Pluto. Understanding these temperature variations provides valuable insights into the nature of planets, moons, and the processes that govern their climates.
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