On this paper, authors will analyze several constrain for Indonesia''s telecommunication operators in implementing the hybrid energy system as a source of
If we breakdown island-by-island recommendation (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, China & Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua), we can select optimal renewable energy
To address the carbon emission prediction challenge in 5G base stations, this study proposes a hybrid forecasting model based on the deep integration of a
To enhance the utilization of base station energy storage (BSES), this paper proposes a co-regulation method for distribution network (DN) voltage control, enabling BSES participation in grid interactions.
In Indonesia, 5G rollout is progressing, with commercial services launched by Telkomsel, Indosat Ooredoo and XL Axiata since 2021, utilising existing spectrum holdings in the 1800 MHz, 2.1
While 5G networks promise 100x faster speeds, their hybrid power demands grow exponentially. The crux lies in energy source intermittency – solar/wind''s unpredictability versus battery
In Southeast Asia, 5G mid-bands will boost annual GDP by $35 billion by 2030, heavily driven by the large Indonesian market, which will account for 41% of this increment. To secure these
To enhance the utilization of base station energy storage (BSES), this paper proposes a co-regulation method for distribution network (DN) voltage control, enabling BSES
If we breakdown island-by-island recommendation (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, China & Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua), we can select optimal renewable energy
In this paper, hybrid energy utilization was studied for the base station in a 5G network. To minimize AC power usage from the hybrid energy system and minimize solar
To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a synergetic planning framework for renewable energy generation (REG) and 5G BS allocation to support decarbonizing
With the spectrum activated, base station construction is expected to accelerate, driving nationwide 5G adoption and extending coverage.

In Indonesia, 5G rollout is progressing, with commercial services launched by Telkomsel, Indosat Ooredoo and XL Axiata since 2021, utilising existing spectrum holdings in the 1800 MHz, 2.1 GHz and 2.3 GHz bands. As of the end of 2024, 5G networks covered 26.3% of Indonesia’s population, or around 15.7 million 5G connections.
In Southeast Asia, 5G mid-bands will boost annual GDP by $35 billion by 2030, heavily driven by the large Indonesian market, which will account for 41% of this increment. To secure these benefits, markets will need an average of 2 GHz of mid-band spectrum during this decade.
Much work must be done to ensure adequate spectrum resources to support 5G development in Indonesia, especially in the crucial mid-band range (1–7 GHz). The GSMA estimates that mid-band 5G spectrum will drive an increase of more than $610 billion in global GDP in 2030, almost 65% of the overall socio-economic value generated by 5G.
The research on 5G base station load forecasting technology can provide base station operators with a reasonable arrangement of energy supply guidance, and realize the energy saving and emission reduction of 5G base stations.
During main power failures, the energy storage device provides emergency power for the communication equipment. A set of 5G base station main communication equipment is generally composed of a baseband BBU unit and multiple RF AAU units. Equation 1 serves as the base station load model:
According to the energy consumption characteristics of the base station, a 5G base station energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM network is constructed to provide data support for the subsequent BSES aggregation and collaborative scheduling.
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